International Epilepsy Awareness Day, also known as ‘Purple Day’, falls on 26th March, and to mark the occasion we’re shining a light on a critical but often under-recognised issue: the link between epilepsy and mitochondrial disease.
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological features in people living with mitochondrial disorders. Yet despite this, it can still be misunderstood, misdiagnosed or managed without full consideration of the underlying metabolic condition.
Greater awareness can lead to earlier diagnosis, safer treatment choices and better long-term outcomes, especially for children and young people.
The link between epilepsy and mitochondrial disease
Mitochondrial diseases are complex genetic conditions that affect how the body’s cells produce energy. Organs with high energy demands, particularly the brain, are especially vulnerable.
This is why seizures are such a common feature in many mitochondrial syndromes, including:
- MELAS (Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis and Stroke-like episodes)
- MERRF (Myoclonic Epilepsy with Ragged Red Fibres)
- Leigh syndrome
In some cases, epilepsy is one of the earliest symptoms. In others, seizure patterns may evolve over time and become more complex or difficult to control.
Importantly, seizures in mitochondrial disease are not ‘just epilepsy’; they can reflect underlying metabolic stress or neurological progression. That’s why awareness among clinicians, families and educators is so vital.
Raising awareness improves diagnosis
Epilepsy can sometimes be the first sign that leads clinicians to investigate an underlying mitochondrial disorder. Identifying epilepsy in mitochondrial disease earlier means:
- Access to specialist monitoring
- More informed genetic counselling
- Better emergency planning
- Tailored treatment decisions
Without awareness, opportunities for timely intervention can be missed.
Hear from Dr Thiloka Ratnaike
To mark Epilepsy Awareness Day, we’re sharing a short video from Dr Thiloka Ratnaike, a Paediatric Neurology Registrar, explaining why recognising epilepsy in mitochondrial disease is so important for improving diagnosis and management.
Why 26th March matters
Epilepsy affects around 1 in 100 people worldwide, but for those living with mitochondrial disease the risk is significantly higher.
On Purple Day, we encourage everyone – healthcare professionals, educators, families and advocates – to:
- Learn about the link between epilepsy and mitochondrial disease
- Share accurate information
- Challenge stigma
- Promote earlier referral and specialist care
Because awareness leads to understanding. Understanding leads to earlier diagnosis. Earlier diagnosis leads to better management and improved quality of life.
